Infectious Disease Free Essay Example, 1000 words

and subtracting tomorrow increase in individuals recovered bI from it. Next day increase in - I Following same procedures as we did explaining Equation 1 we should express following equation with relation to our independent variable t(time). Once again next day can be represented as: I [t+t] - I [t]. Applying the change we get: I [t+t] = I [t] + ( – I[t]) t Following mathematics rules those equations can be written as: = I [t] + (– I[t]) Dividing by N on both sides to get rid of the denominator: = () – Using mathematics rules we can cancel N’s in denominators: == ) – Setting our limit to 0, because we are dealing with time: == Finally we get what we started with: ) – Equation 3: = In the following equation there is no need to show any working out. The equation represents change in the Recovered class and it is simply calculated by g (recovery rate constant) by number of the Infected people. It represents the people that were recovered from the disease and now healthy (immune for life). Working Example using Ebola spread in Sierra Leone. Lets use data from Sierra Leone to plot those equations and discuss. Applying data from â€Å"WHO situation Report 12 November† we get this data. Assuming that everyone in Sierra Leone is a suspect 620000. Susceptible Infected Recovered T=0 6,192,123 4,523 3,354 N – population of Sierra Leone is 6,200,000 as estimated of 2014. We will write a custom essay sample on Infectious Disease or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now - Of Ebola is approximately = ÃŽ ² - Of Ebola is 0.128 SIR equations for Ebola. Using eqn 1 for â€Å"susceptible†: = = Using eqn 2 for â€Å"infected†: ) – – Using eqn 3 for â€Å"recovered†: = = Calculating basic reproductive ratio, R0 is the sum of secondary infections resulting from a single infection entering a population totally made of susceptible population. From this definition, we can derive the equation, in which case is contact rate (ÃŽ ²) divided by recovery rate constant (g).    Hence R0 = 0.128/0.005 = 25.6 Using a computer application we can plot those equations. (http: //www. public. asu. edu/~hnesse/classes/sir. html Graph of Population vs Time for the three group levels Discussion The differentiated values obtained from the above three equations, were entered in a computer simulation program that then gave the above graph. This were used as the variables for the graph, essentially representing the number of people in the three groups. As shown in the calculations, R0 is greater than 1 meaning that the disease can enter a fully susceptible population just as proved by the graph. As shown in the graph, the disease has entered a population and therefore mostly occupied by â€Å"susceptible† individuals as shown by the yellow curve at 6200000.

Do We Rely Too Much On The Prison System - 1305 Words

In the early years of this country flogging, exile, branding, and the â€Å"stocks† were some of the ways used to punish a guilty offender. Today, though, these types of punishments would quickly be labeled as cruel and unusual forms of retribution. Since we can no longer utilize such forms of punishment, the criminal justice system has turned to; imprisonment, probation, fines, and even the death penalty to help and deter offenders from a life of crime. As the prison population continues to rise in this country health and safety questions rise as well. Not only for the prisoner but for also for the guards that are there to watch over and protect the inmates. It is time to ask some very important questions regarding sentencing alternatives†¦show more content†¦For years, it has been the belief of the American public, politicians, and criminal justice authorities that crime rates in this country were just too large. It has also been the general consensus that in order to stop the rising crime rates, there had to be a great push in the severity of sentencing in the courtroom. Mostly this was done by way of utilizing the maximum sentence for a crime in hopes of deterring others and decreasing the amount of recidivism. One other method was to impose a minimum sentence for certain nonviolent crimes including; driving while intoxicated, drug offenses, child molestation, spousal abuse, and sexual assault. â€Å"Over the past three decades, the United States has built the world’s largest prison system. This system is ten times larger today than it was in the mid-1970s.† (Lynch, 2007)As America’s prison population has grown there has been a lot of debate on whether or not prison is working. Arguably, all intents and purposes of a prison system are to deter crime. The hopes of our criminal justice system, all of its judges, lawyers, and even the American people is that either someone will not commit an offense with fear of going to prison or that if they do, they will not do it again once they have stepped foot inside a correctional institution. Is this the case? Do prisons in fact act as deterrents and reduce crime rates? Lynch goes on his book after a review of several studies

Are We A Fast Food Nation - 1332 Words

Heriberto Rodriguez Ms. Kimberly Turnage English 112 November 24, 2014 Are We a Fast Food Nation? Over the past few decades the way Americans eat breakfast, lunch, and diner have change. In the past we used to track our food that involved a lot of physical activity, but now Americans regular routine is to get in the car, drive to drive thru, receive food in a instance, and it has become a habit. Since the recession the fast food industry has recover and it’s doing better than ever. The burgers being the most popular fast food sold in America. America is also in the top 10 fast food nations. America is a fast food nation. Americans fast food nation did not just happen overnight. Instead it started with some hot dog and hamburger stands†¦show more content†¦McDonalds is the top fast food restaurant in the United States of America taking seventeen percent of the market in America. McDonalds is also the number one restaurant in some of the top ten fast food nations. For example, Sweden were it takes up twenty-eight percent of the market, Switzerland were it takes up forty-five percent of the market and in United Kingdom (Said). McDonalds is one of the most recognize fast food restaurant in the world. People in America may still mention that not everyone goes to fast food regularly or at all. The truth is that only four percent of Americans don’t eat fast food and the rest â€Å"go at least once a year† (Dugan). In a consumption poll they were able to find out that people age range between eighteen and twenty-nine went and eat fast food nation the most often (Dugan). It was also fou nd that the lower class were the least like to eat fast food then the middle class and the high class was also least likely to eat fast food then the middle class. Meaning that the middle class is the most likely to be obese. Even though France is in second place for being a fast food nation they are not one of the most obese places in the world. â€Å"More than 50 percent of the world’s 671 million obese people live in just 10†countries (Viegas). According to a study the United States of America makes up thirteen percent of the world obese people

Communications in Observation Women are more notic Essay Example For Students

Communications in Observation Women are more notic Essay Communications in Observation Women are more noticeably shy then men. Non-verbally, their body language seems to communicate feelings of great uncertainty and self-consciousness. For example, I observed a woman in a bus en route to the Cherry Hill Mall. Her and a young man sitting directly across from her were engaged in what was apparently a mutual flirt. But the man seemed much more confident and cocky than did the female. For one thing, he was calm and relaxed. The woman, however, kept her arms folded over a purse that she clung to rather tightly. Moreover, the female had a strong tendency to look down more often than the male and although her admiration for him was obvious, she seemed to be trying especially hard to conceal it. Further evidence of greater communicative differences exist between males and females in various other social settings as well. Consider, for example, those individual employed in customer service-related capacities. While in Shoprite, I noticed that female customer service representatives were more apt to offer immediately friendly assistance than were the male attendants whom I observed on another occasion. Males are not as cocky nor as confident in this sort of situation; their eyes tend to dart around the area while the eyes of a woman remain focused upon the eyes of the customer. The man seems to communicate with fewer smilesapparently they have to get past a certain ice-breaking point before they will feel comfortable with a genuine look of happiness. Verbally, the actual process of speech is also quite different between males and females. The former usually tends to have a more base-orientated voice and a faster rate of speech while the latter is more calm and soft-spoken. Men seem to speak more nasally and women seem to have a better control over the English language. Over the course of a few days, I noticed hearing significantly fewer ums and errs from women than I did from men. This did not necessarily indicate that they presented themselves more confidently, just with greater fluency. Men have a tendency to use their hands more often while speaking than do their female counterparts. In one observed instance, several men and women had gathered in a local pizzeria and the amount of hand motions and gesture that the guys were using seemed to be infinite. One guy practically drew out an entire picture of his car in the air while describing it to the group of friends. Meanwhile, the girls hands remained on their food or their drink or on the table. Girls nodded much more than boys but made no other gesture with as much frequency. Finally, it can be inferred from my observations that certain cultural models causes the witnessed patterns of speaking and communication. Girls are taught to be shy an inferior and this is evidenced in their non-verbal coyness while speaking in a one-to-one situations with males. But men are taught that over-happiness is queer and so smiles are not nearly as common on the males face as they are on the females face. Both sexes certainly seem to enjoy talking but each is more comfortable in their own different scenario. .

Social Responsibility and the Corporate World free essay sample

A paper which examines the importance of companies to act socially responsibly both to their employees and the environment. The paper shows how a century ago corporate social responsibility was an idea whose time had not yet come, and companies were free to treat their employees as badly as they could get away with and cause nearly unregulated environmental damage. Profits were considered the only measure of how good a company was, and higher profits were often derived from unethical treatment of workers and resources. It shows that such an attitude today is no longer either practical nor acceptable and that increased government regulation has limited everything from the safety conditions of the workplace to the ways that companies must restore any environmental damage that they inflict. The paper discusses how a company can become socially responsible. To take up the moral objections first, one can argue that corporate social responsibility must be practiced because it is the right thing to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Responsibility and the Corporate World or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A business executive should never find himself or herself asking the question: If I conduct my business in an unethical way, how much more money will I make? Rather, each individual must determine how much profit is reasonable and, having decided this, match those expectations of financial gain with a business that can be carried out in a responsible and moral fashion.